# SQL commands

SQL commands reference.




> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/llms.txt).


## Create/Alter/Drop Objects

| CREATE | ALTER | DROP |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [`CREATE CLUSTER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-cluster/index.md) | [`ALTER CLUSTER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster/index.md) | [`DROP CLUSTER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-cluster/index.md) |
| [`CREATE CLUSTER REPLICA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-cluster-replica/index.md) | [`ALTER CLUSTER REPLICA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster-replica/index.md) | [`DROP CLUSTER REPLICA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-cluster-replica/index.md) |
| [`CREATE CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-connection/index.md) | [`ALTER CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-connection/index.md) | [`DROP CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-connection/index.md) |
| [`CREATE DATABASE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-database/index.md) | [`ALTER DATABASE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-database/index.md) | [`DROP DATABASE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-database/index.md) |
| [`CREATE INDEX`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-index/index.md) | [`ALTER INDEX`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-index/index.md) | [`DROP INDEX`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-index/index.md) |
| [`CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-materialized-view/index.md) | [`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-materialized-view/index.md) | [`DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-materialized-view/index.md) |
| [`CREATE NETWORK POLICY`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-network-policy/index.md) | [`ALTER NETWORK POLICY`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-network-policy/index.md) | [`DROP NETWORK POLICY`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-network-policy/index.md) |
| [`CREATE ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-role/index.md) | [`ALTER ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-role/index.md) | [`DROP ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-role/index.md) <br>[`DROP USER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-user/index.md) |
| [`CREATE SCHEMA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-schema/index.md) | [`ALTER SCHEMA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-schema/index.md) | [`DROP SCHEMA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-schema/index.md) |
| [`CREATE SECRET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-secret/index.md) | [`ALTER SECRET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-secret/index.md) | [`DROP SECRET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-secret/index.md) |
| [`CREATE SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-sink/index.md) | [`ALTER SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-sink/index.md) | [`DROP SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-sink/index.md) |
| [`CREATE SOURCE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-source/index.md) | [`ALTER SOURCE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-source/index.md) | [`DROP SOURCE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-source/index.md) |
| [`CREATE TABLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-table/index.md) | [`ALTER TABLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-table/index.md) | [`DROP TABLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-table/index.md) |
| [`CREATE TYPE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-type/index.md) | [`ALTER TYPE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-type/index.md) | [`DROP TYPE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-type/index.md) |
| [`CREATE VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-view/index.md) | [`ALTER VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-view/index.md) | [`DROP VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-view/index.md) |


## Create/Read/Update/Delete Data

The following commands perform CRUD operations on materialized views, views,
sources, and tables:


| <strong>Select/Subscribe</strong> |  - [`SELECT`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/select/index.md)  - [`SUBSCRIBE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/subscribe/index.md)    |
| <strong>Cursor</strong> |  - [`CLOSE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/close/index.md)  - [`DECLARE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/declare/index.md)  - [`FETCH`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/fetch/index.md)   |
| <strong>Sink</strong> |  - [`ALTER SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-sink/index.md)  - [`CREATE SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-sink/index.md)  - [`DROP SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-sink/index.md)   |
| <strong>Transactions</strong> |  - [`BEGIN`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/begin/index.md)  - [`COMMIT`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/commit/index.md)  - [`ROLLBACK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/rollback/index.md)   |
| <strong>Copy</strong> |  - [`COPY FROM`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/copy-from/index.md)  - [`COPY TO`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/copy-to/index.md)   |


## RBAC

Commands to manage roles and privileges and owners:


| <strong>Roles</strong> |  - [`ALTER ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-role/index.md)  - [`CREATE ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-role/index.md)  - [`DROP ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-role/index.md) <br>[`DROP USER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-user/index.md)  - [`GRANT ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/grant-role/index.md)  - [`REVOKE ROLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/revoke-role/index.md)  - [`SHOW ROLES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-roles/index.md)   |
| <strong>Privileges</strong> |  - [`ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-default-privileges/index.md)  - [`GRANT PRIVILEGE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/grant-privilege/index.md)  - [`REVOKE PRIVILEGE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/revoke-privilege/index.md)   |
| <strong>Owners</strong> |  - [`ALTER CLUSTER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster/index.md)  - [`ALTER CLUSTER REPLICA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster-replica/index.md)  - [`ALTER CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-connection/index.md)  - [`ALTER DATABASE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-database/index.md)  - [`ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-materialized-view/index.md)  - [`ALTER SCHEMA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-schema/index.md)  - [`ALTER SECRET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-secret/index.md)  - [`ALTER SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-sink/index.md)  - [`ALTER SOURCE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-source/index.md)  - [`ALTER TABLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-table/index.md)  - [`ALTER TYPE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-type/index.md)  - [`ALTER VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-view/index.md)  - [`DROP OWNED`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-owned/index.md)  - [`REASSIGN OWNED`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/reassign-owned/index.md)   |


## Query Introspection (`Explain`)


- [`EXPLAIN ANALYZE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-analyze/index.md)

- [`EXPLAIN FILTER PUSHDOWN`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-filter-pushdown/index.md)

- [`EXPLAIN PLAN`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-plan/index.md)

- [`EXPLAIN SCHEMA`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-schema/index.md)

- [`EXPLAIN TIMESTAMP`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-timestamp/index.md)


## Object Introspection (`SHOW`)


- [`SHOW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show/index.md)

- [`SHOW CLUSTER REPLICAS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-cluster-replicas/index.md)

- [`SHOW CLUSTERS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-clusters/index.md)

- [`SHOW COLUMNS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-columns/index.md)

- [`SHOW CONNECTIONS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-connections/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE CLUSTER`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-cluster/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-connection/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE INDEX`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-index/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-materialized-view/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE SINK`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-sink/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE SOURCE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-source/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE TABLE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-table/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE TYPE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-type/index.md)

- [`SHOW CREATE VIEW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-view/index.md)

- [`SHOW DATABASES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-databases/index.md)

- [`SHOW DEFAULT PRIVILEGES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-default-privileges/index.md)

- [`SHOW INDEXES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-indexes/index.md)

- [`SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-materialized-views/index.md)

- [`SHOW NETWORK POLICIES (Cloud)`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-network-policies/index.md)

- [`SHOW OBJECTS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-objects/index.md)

- [`SHOW PRIVILEGES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-privileges/index.md)

- [`SHOW ROLE MEMBERSHIP`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-role-membership/index.md)

- [`SHOW ROLES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-roles/index.md)

- [`SHOW SCHEMAS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-schemas/index.md)

- [`SHOW SECRETS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-secrets/index.md)

- [`SHOW SINKS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-sinks/index.md)

- [`SHOW SOURCES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-sources/index.md)

- [`SHOW SUBSOURCES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-subsources/index.md)

- [`SHOW TABLES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-tables/index.md)

- [`SHOW TYPES`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-types/index.md)

- [`SHOW VIEWS`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-views/index.md)


## Session

Commands related with session state and configurations:


- [`DISCARD`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/discard/index.md)

- [`RESET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/reset/index.md)

- [`SET`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/set/index.md)

- [`SHOW`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show/index.md)


## Validations


- [`VALIDATE CONNECTION`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/validate-connection/index.md)


## Prepared Statements


- [`DEALLOCATE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/deallocate/index.md)

- [`EXECUTE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/execute/index.md)

- [`PREPARE`](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/prepare/index.md)



## Pages in this section

- [Namespaces](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/namespaces/index.md): SQL namespaces let you create a taxonomy of objects in Materialize.
- [ALTER CLUSTER](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster/index.md): `ALTER CLUSTER` changes the configuration of a cluster.
- [ALTER CLUSTER REPLICA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-cluster-replica/index.md): `ALTER CLUSTER REPLICA` changes properties of a cluster replica.
- [ALTER CONNECTION](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-connection/index.md): `ALTER CONNECTION` allows you to modify the value of connection options; rotate secrets associated with connections; rename a connection; and change owner of a connection.
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-database/index.md): `ALTER DATABASE` changes properties of a database.
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-default-privileges/index.md): `ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES` defines default privileges that will be applied to objects created in the future.
- [ALTER INDEX](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-index/index.md): `ALTER INDEX` changes the parameters of an index.
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-materialized-view/index.md): `ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW` changes the parameters of a materialized view.
- [ALTER NETWORK POLICY (Cloud)](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-network-policy/index.md): `ALTER NETWORK POLICY` alters an existing network policy.
- [ALTER ROLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-role/index.md): `ALTER ROLE` alters the attributes of an existing role.
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-schema/index.md): `ALTER SCHEMA` change properties of a schema
- [ALTER SECRET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-secret/index.md): `ALTER SECRET` changes the contents of a secret.
- [ALTER SINK](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-sink/index.md): `ALTER SINK` allows cutting a sink over to a new upstream relation without causing disruption to downstream consumers.
- [ALTER SOURCE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-source/index.md): `ALTER SOURCE` changes certain characteristics of a source.
- [ALTER SYSTEM RESET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-system-reset/index.md): Globally reset a configuration parameter to its default value.
- [ALTER SYSTEM SET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-system-set/index.md): `ALTER SYSTEM SET` globally modifies the value of a configuration parameter.
- [ALTER TABLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-table/index.md): `ALTER TABLE` changes properties of a table.
- [ALTER TYPE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-type/index.md): `ALTER TYPE` changes properties of a type.
- [ALTER VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/alter-view/index.md): `ALTER VIEW` changes properties of a view.
- [BEGIN](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/begin/index.md): `BEGIN` starts a transaction block.
- [CLOSE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/close/index.md): `CLOSE` closes a cursor.
- [COMMENT ON](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/comment-on/index.md): `COMMENT ON` adds or updates the comment of an object.
- [COMMIT](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/commit/index.md): `COMMIT` ends a transaction block and commits all changes if the transaction statements succeed.
- [COPY FROM](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/copy-from/index.md): `COPY FROM` copies data into a table using the COPY protocol.
- [COPY TO](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/copy-to/index.md): `COPY TO` outputs results from Materialize to standard output or object storage.
- [CREATE CLUSTER](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-cluster/index.md): `CREATE CLUSTER` creates a new cluster.
- [CREATE CLUSTER REPLICA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-cluster-replica/index.md): `CREATE CLUSTER REPLICA` provisions a new replica of a cluster.
- [CREATE CONNECTION](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-connection/index.md): `CREATE CONNECTION` describes how to connect and authenticate to an external system in Materialize
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-database/index.md): `CREATE DATABASE` creates a new database.
- [CREATE INDEX](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-index/index.md): `CREATE INDEX` creates an in-memory index on a source, view, or materialized view.
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-materialized-view/index.md): `CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW` defines a view that is persisted in durable storage and incrementally updated as new data arrives.
- [CREATE NETWORK POLICY (Cloud)](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-network-policy/index.md): `CREATE NETWORK POLICY` creates a network policy that restricts access to a Materialize Cloud region using IP-based rules.
- [CREATE ROLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-role/index.md): `CREATE ROLE` creates a new role.
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-schema/index.md): `CREATE SCHEMA` creates a new schema.
- [CREATE SECRET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-secret/index.md): `CREATE SECRET` securely stores credentials in Materialize's secret management system.
- [CREATE SINK](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-sink/index.md): `CREATE SINK` connects Materialize to an external data sink.
- [CREATE SOURCE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-source/index.md): `CREATE SOURCE` connects Materialize to an external data source.
- [CREATE TABLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-table/index.md): `CREATE TABLE` creates a table that is persisted in durable storage.
- [CREATE TYPE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-type/index.md): `CREATE TYPE` defines a new data type.
- [CREATE VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/create-view/index.md): `CREATE VIEW` defines view, which provides an alias for the embedded `SELECT` statement.
- [DEALLOCATE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/deallocate/index.md): `DEALLOCATE` clears a prepared statement.
- [DECLARE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/declare/index.md): `DECLARE` creates a cursor.
- [DELETE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/delete/index.md): `DELETE` removes values stored in tables.
- [DISCARD](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/discard/index.md): Discard resets state associated with the current session.
- [DROP CLUSTER](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-cluster/index.md): `DROP CLUSTER` removes an existing cluster from Materialize.
- [DROP CLUSTER REPLICA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-cluster-replica/index.md): `DROP CLUSTER REPLICA` removes an existing replica for the specified cluster.
- [DROP CONNECTION](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-connection/index.md): `DROP CONNECTION` removes a connection from Materialize.
- [DROP DATABASE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-database/index.md): `DROP DATABASE` removes a database from Materialize.
- [DROP INDEX](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-index/index.md): DROP INDEX removes an index
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-materialized-view/index.md): `DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW` removes a materialized view from Materialize.
- [DROP NETWORK POLICY (Cloud)](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-network-policy/index.md): `DROP NETWORK POLICY` removes an existing network policy from Materialize.
- [DROP OWNED](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-owned/index.md): `DROP OWNED` drops all the objects that are owned by one of the specified roles.
- [DROP ROLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-role/index.md): `DROP ROLE` removes a role from Materialize.
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-schema/index.md): `DROP SCHEMA` removes a schema from Materialize.
- [DROP SECRET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-secret/index.md): `DROP SECRET` removes a secret from Materialize's secret management system.
- [DROP SINK](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-sink/index.md): `DROP SINK` removes a sink from Materialize.
- [DROP SOURCE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-source/index.md): `DROP SOURCE` removes a source from Materialize.
- [DROP TABLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-table/index.md): `DROP TABLE` removes a table from Materialize.
- [DROP TYPE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-type/index.md): `DROP TYPE` removes a user-defined data type.
- [DROP USER](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-user/index.md): `DROP USER` removes a role from Materialize.
- [DROP VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/drop-view/index.md): `DROP VIEW` removes a view from Materialize.
- [EXECUTE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/execute/index.md): `EXECUTE`
- [EXECUTE UNIT TEST](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/execute-unit-test/index.md): `EXECUTE UNIT TEST` defines a unit test for a view, run by mz-deploy against mocked input data.
- [EXPLAIN ANALYZE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-analyze/index.md): Reference page for `EXPLAIN ANALYZE`. `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` is used to understand the performance of indexes and materialized views.
- [EXPLAIN FILTER PUSHDOWN](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-filter-pushdown/index.md): `EXPLAIN FILTER PUSHDOWN` reports filter pushdown statistics for `SELECT` statements and materialized views.
- [EXPLAIN PLAN](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-plan/index.md): Reference page for `EXPLAIN PLAN`. `EXPLAIN PLAN` is used to inspect the plans of `SELECT` statements, `SUBSCRIBE` statements, indexes, and materialized views.
- [Explain plan operators](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-plan-operators/index.md)
- [EXPLAIN SCHEMA](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-schema/index.md): `EXPLAIN KEY SCHEMA` or `EXPLAIN VALUE SCHEMA` is used to see the generated schemas for a `CREATE SINK` statement
- [EXPLAIN TIMESTAMP](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/explain-timestamp/index.md): `EXPLAIN TIMESTAMP` displays the timestamps used for a `SELECT` statement.
- [FETCH](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/fetch/index.md): `FETCH` retrieves rows from a cursor.
- [GRANT PRIVILEGE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/grant-privilege/index.md): Grant privileges on a database object.
- [GRANT ROLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/grant-role/index.md): `GRANT` grants membership of one role to another role.
- [Identifiers](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/identifiers/index.md): SQL identifiers are names of columns and database objects such as sources and views.
- [INSERT](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/insert/index.md): `INSERT` inserts values into a table.
- [PREPARE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/prepare/index.md): `PREPARE` creates a prepared statement.
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/reassign-owned/index.md): `REASSIGN OWNED` reassigns the owner of all the objects that are owned by one of the specified roles.
- [RESET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/reset/index.md): Reset a configuration parameter to its default value.
- [REVOKE PRIVILEGE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/revoke-privilege/index.md): `REVOKE` revokes privileges from a database object.
- [REVOKE ROLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/revoke-role/index.md): `REVOKE` revokes membership of one role from another role.
- [ROLLBACK](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/rollback/index.md)
- [SELECT](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/select/index.md): `SELECT` binds SQL queries to named views or materialized views, and allows to interactively query data maintained in Materialize .
- [SET](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/set/index.md): Modify the value of a configuration parameter in the current session.
- [SHOW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show/index.md): Display the value of a configuration parameter.
- [SHOW CLUSTER REPLICAS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-cluster-replicas/index.md): `SHOW CLUSTER REPLICAS` lists the replicas for each cluster configured in Materialize.
- [SHOW CLUSTERS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-clusters/index.md): `SHOW CLUSTERS` lists the clusters configured in Materialize.
- [SHOW COLUMNS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-columns/index.md): `SHOW COLUMNS` lists the columns available for an object.
- [SHOW CONNECTIONS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-connections/index.md): `SHOW CONNECTIONS` lists the connections configured in Materialize.
- [SHOW CREATE CLUSTER](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-cluster/index.md): `SHOW CREATE CLUSTER` returns the DDL statement used to create the cluster.
- [SHOW CREATE CONNECTION](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-connection/index.md): `SHOW CREATE CONNECTION` returns the statement used to create the connection.
- [SHOW CREATE INDEX](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-index/index.md): `SHOW CREATE INDEX` returns the statement used to create the index.
- [SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-materialized-view/index.md): `SHOW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW` returns the statement used to create the materialized view
- [SHOW CREATE SINK](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-sink/index.md): `SHOW CREATE SINK` returns the statement used to create the sink.
- [SHOW CREATE SOURCE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-source/index.md): `SHOW CREATE SOURCE` returns the statement used to create the source.
- [SHOW CREATE TABLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-table/index.md): `SHOW CREATE TABLE` returns the SQL used to create the table.
- [SHOW CREATE TYPE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-type/index.md): `SHOW CREATE TYPE` returns the DDL statement used to create the custom type.
- [SHOW CREATE VIEW](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-create-view/index.md): `SHOW CREATE VIEW` returns the `SELECT` statement used to create the view.
- [SHOW DATABASES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-databases/index.md): `SHOW DATABASES` returns a list of all databases in Materialize.
- [SHOW DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-default-privileges/index.md): SHOW DEFAULT PRIVILEGES lists the default privileges granted on objects in Materialize.
- [SHOW INDEXES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-indexes/index.md): SHOW INDEXES provides details about indexes built on a source, view, or materialized view
- [SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-materialized-views/index.md): `SHOW MATERIALIZED VIEWS` returns a list of materialized views being maintained in Materialize.
- [SHOW NETWORK POLICIES (Cloud)](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-network-policies/index.md): `SHOW NETWORK POLICIES` returns a list of all network policies configured in Materialize.
- [SHOW OBJECTS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-objects/index.md): `SHOW OBJECTS` returns a list of all objects in Materialize for a given schema.
- [SHOW PRIVILEGES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-privileges/index.md): SHOW PRIVILEGES lists the privileges granted on all objects via role-based access control (RBAC).
- [SHOW ROLE MEMBERSHIP](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-role-membership/index.md): SHOW ROLE MEMBERSHIP lists the members of each role granted via role-based access control (RBAC).
- [SHOW ROLES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-roles/index.md): `SHOW ROLES` lists the roles available in Materialize.
- [SHOW SCHEMAS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-schemas/index.md): `SHOW SCHEMAS` returns a list of all schemas available in Materialize.
- [SHOW SECRETS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-secrets/index.md): `SHOW SECRETS` lists the names of the secrets securely stored in Materialize's secret management system.
- [SHOW SINKS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-sinks/index.md): `SHOW SINKS` returns a list of all sinks available in Materialize.
- [SHOW SOURCES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-sources/index.md): `SHOW SOURCES` returns a list of all sources available in Materialize.
- [SHOW SUBSOURCES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-subsources/index.md): `SHOW SUBSOURCES` returns the subsources in the current schema.
- [SHOW TABLES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-tables/index.md): `SHOW TABLES` returns a list of all tables available in Materialize.
- [SHOW TYPES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-types/index.md): `SHOW TYPES` returns a list of the data types in Materialize.
- [SHOW VIEWS](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/show-views/index.md): `SHOW VIEWS` returns a list of views in Materialize.
- [SQL data types](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/types/index.md): Learn more about the SQL data types supported in Materialize
- [SQL functions & operators](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/functions/index.md): Learn more about the SQL functions and operators supported in Materialize
- [SUBSCRIBE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/subscribe/index.md): `SUBSCRIBE` streams updates from a source, table, view, or materialized view as they occur.
- [System catalog](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/system-catalog/index.md): The system catalog stores metadata about your Materialize instance.
- [TABLE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/table/index.md): `TABLE` retrieves all rows from a single table.
- [UPDATE](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/update/index.md): `UPDATE` changes values stored in tables.
- [VALIDATE CONNECTION](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/validate-connection/index.md): `VALIDATE CONNECTION` validates the connection and authentication parameters provided in a `CREATE CONNECTION` statement against the target external system
- [VALUES](https://preview.materialize.com/materialize/40269/markdown-docs/sql/values/index.md): `VALUES` constructs a relation from value expressions.